In my years of teaching college-level interior design students, I use the analogy that the elements of design are like the ingredients in a recipe: flour, sugar, salt. The elements are the building blocks used selectively by designers to create the desired effects in spaces. The principles of design equate to how those ingredients or building blocks are artfully combined to arrive at a flavorful and pleasing outcome. The principles are the strategies. 

The listing of design elements and principles varies by author or theorist, but I have always referred to these as the overriding quintessential elements and principles of interior design. 

We have covered the design elements COLOR and LIGHT in several posts:

    Color Theory 1

    Color Theory 2

    Using color to alter spatial perceptions

    LED lighting

    Lighting design

    Calculating lighting levels

Now let’s tackle how various types of LINE, or linear elements, can be artfully used in interior spaces to arrive at desired effects. 

Of all the tools that interior designers have in their toolkits, none is as impactful and effective as color. Not only does color provide the mood and liveliness in spaces, it can also be used to alter our visual perception. Particular tints and shades of colors used in combination can create the perception of more (or less) space than actually exists, produce an increased sense of openness, highlight and draw attention to one wall over the others, or, conversely, create the sense of a more constricted, cozy, or comforting space.

This blog and this blog covered some basics of color theory. Here, we will take a look at how color can be used to alter the perceived size of a space.

In our blog post, Color Theory Part 1: Color Language and Color Attributes, we explored some basic color theory. Here, we will delve into how colors interact with one another and talk more about how interior designers make color selections effectively.

There is a lot to say about how colors interact together. And this is at the heart of how interior designers put together color palettes and schemes. That is where the artistry happens. And the interaction of multiple colors together can be extraordinarily visually impactful, eliciting strong human emotions and reactions.

Keep reading for the second lesson from Dr. Gloria on color theory and how it impacts your design process and client onboarding.

Interior designers generally have a very good color sense. It’s often one of the reasons they’ve pursued a career in the field in the first place: they can manipulate color choices and materials into very pleasing combinations. It’s quite an uncanny ability and one most people (non-designers) really struggle with.

In my years of teaching interior design college-level courses, I have grappled with the relevance of color theory in developing color competence. This is for several reasons, not the least of which is the overriding question of theory versus application. I’ve pondered these questions:

• Is it important to understand what analogous, complementary, and triadic color schemes are, when NO interior designer I have ever met begins building a palette based on these as goals?

• The color wheel—as a framework for understanding color relationships—is important for artists and painters who mix paint pigments to arrive at secondary and tertiary colors, tints and shades, but how relevant is it really for interior designers who typically select from already manufactured fabrics, paint colors, rugs, and wallcoverings?

• There are no absolutes with color application, no definitive rights or wrongs. As with any creative pursuit, a successful design may result from breaking or bending some of the standard strategies and manipulating variables in innovative ways. Therefore, how can color theory be taught in a way that allows freedom from restrictions?

So, in my teaching, I have always struggled to understand whether teaching color theory is really building false parallels between theory and application. 

When interior designers don’t actually make color choices based on theory, how important is color theory really?

Often—when specifying lighting fixtures for a space or designing a lighting scheme for a new construction project—interior designers select and locate fixtures based on a best guess approach. This often results in success because one bulb can be swapped out for another with more or less intensity fairly easily, OR dimmers can be used to adjust the light intensity to what works best. This latter approach—relying on dimmers to tweak the lighting intensity—is particularly useful, as the residential building codes and energy codes now require dimmers in residential new construction and renovation projects. 

Pro Tip: The 2024 edition of the International Residential Code, Section 1104.2.1 requires that all permanently installed luminaires (light fixtures) in habitable rooms (which excludes closets and hallways) be controlled with a manual dimmer or automatic shutoff control (motion sensor). Not all jurisdictions may be enforcing this requirement, but wherever dimmers are used, there is great latitude to control light levels. Need a codes refresh? Check out our codes handbook here.

The rationale behind dimmer and sensor mandates is not to accommodate inaccurate lighting level calculations. It is rather to reduce energy consumption when lighting levels are too bright, or when lights are left on in rooms that are not occupied. 

Is There a Formula to Compute Appropriate Lighting Intensity?

Join The DTS Files to learn exactly how to calculate how much light a space needs.

2025 will be a milestone year for me, God willing, because it is the year I will turn the same age my dad was when he lost his very short battle with cancer. 

He died when I was 17, and back then, 44 seemed SO old. My dad owned a popular restaurant and catering business and a beautiful home, had five kids, was happily married to my mom, and was a powerful, charismatic presence. 

Now, as I approach the same age, I realize just how young he was and how his life was really just beginning. 

Losing him at such a young age has given me a unique perspective on how precious my time is and has majorly impacted my priorities. It is also why I spend time every Friday reflecting on how I spend my time every single week. 

As I plan for 2025, I reviewed all my notes over the past year and noticed some consistent themes of things I didn’t enjoy or realizations I had that I ignored for MONTHS. 

And this is NOT the year for me to hold onto anything that does not serve me. 

So, in honor of my dad, one of my all-time favorite humans in the entire world and the person who has had the most significant impact on who I am today, here are the 11 things I’m saying BYEEEEE to in 2025. (in no particular order) …

In 2024, my team and I wrote 49 original blog posts for interior designers (this one makes it 50). That’s a big dip from 2023, when we wrote 90 original posts (based on our own experience!!). What can I say? We love nothing more than sharing insights to help interior designers improve their business operations and client experience.

While we didn’t write as many blog posts this year, we introduced plenty of new ways to help interior designers through our trainings in The Workroom. This year’s highlights included:

• Beyond Retail: Increase Revenue + Profits by Selling Wholesale Furnishings

• Elevate Your Design Presentation live training 

• Mastering Asana for Interior Designers

• Permits to Punchlists: Essential Construction Training, Management, & Pricing Tips for Interior Designers 

And I can’t forget to mention the three cohorts of our signature program, The Designed to Scale® Method. What an honor to help so many designers through my tried & true framework. 

If you haven’t had a chance to dive into those resources linked above, I highly recommend checking them out. In the meantime, don’t miss our 10 most popular blog posts of 2024. These are the posts that resonated most with our community of interior designers—each one thoughtfully crafted, 100% human-written, with no shortcuts or AI assistance here.

And, of course, a huge thank you for being here, reading my blog, The Weekly Install®, The Design Brief™, and my Instagram posts. 

YOU fuel everything we do.

Alright, let’s count down the top 10 posts of the year.